A brutal place at a brutal time

Just as you begin to enter the central downtown area of Columbus as you motor south on Interstate 71, a curve of the highway passes you my a very square and unassuming block of a building. Is it an office building? There are no windows. Is it an arena? It's too small. What is it? It is the center of Ohio's historical universe: the architectually significant Ohio Historical Society's headquarters and museum (see left, click to enlarge).

Housed within are the typical fare for a statewide museum charged with the mission of protecting, preserving and promoting the state's historical interests. There is a museum with permanent displays of the state's progress from a backcountry frontier in the 1700s and early 1800s to its political heyday in the Victorian Age and early 20th Century to its might as an industrial power in the mid 1900s.

A favorite with younger school aged groups is the wing on Ohio's natural history, with the mammoth Mammoth that greets visitors to this section of the building (see left, click to enlarge). There are plenty of animals and some hands-on activities in this part of the museum. The entire lower section of the museum offers a lot to see with artifacts and reproductions from Ohio's past and promise.

There are many temporary displays that can be national or local in flavor. One such display was of Norman Rockwell's America, another on photographs that changed the world. 2009 saw the introduction titled Soul! which focused on African-American art and historical contributions (see right, click to enlarge).

But this odd building is home to more than tourist displays. On the floors above there are archives and a library where one can delve deeply into the written history that has built the state's legacy. A private tour of the archives can unearth the unusual. If lucky enough to arrange an off-site tour (as a group of teachers was able to do in 2008), there is an off-site warehouse chock full of large and varied treasures of the past.

Next door, but on the property, is a limited-operation recreated village known as Ohio Village. At one time it was a regularly staffed 1800s village, but budget reductions has it now operating as a special event venue.

Hours vary for the museum and the research library, and budget issues at the state level can change the schedule even more.

The research library offers county histories, military unit rosters, city directories and much more for the curious or the family genealogist. A massive collection of newspapers and other state documents can be viewed on microfilm and microfiche.

But it is sitting in the library where gazing upwards can begin wonderment to the architecture of the building (see left, click to enlarge). At first glance once can muse about why the building hasn't been finished in all these years. The bare concrete roof is visible and the walls are but bare slabs of poured concrete. Were windows originally designed and cut out due to cost overruns? The answer is brutal... literally.

The building was built in the late 1960s in the architectural style known as "brutalism" (wiki, web). As described by the historical society:

Distinguished by its structural honesty and undisguised, blunt use of materials, Brutalism departed from conventional bourgeois styles. Stone and marble were rejected in favor of form-textured concrete, or beton brut, a technique employed by the French architect LeCorbusier.

The American Institute of Architects hails the building as a "bold, imaginative, almost startling structure" and the Architectural Record described it similarly as "the most architecturally significant public structure built in Ohio since the State Capitol Building." (see above right, click to enlarge)

Walking around the building brings a different sense then to history, as not only are the displays within the building historic, the building itself has become the same. While budgets are hard to balance in tough economic times, history and the arts tend to face the scalpel -- or sometimes the axe -- in cuts first.

The Ohio Historical Society is a treasure and here's hoping that it is not plundered to stem the loss of revenue during a lengthy recession and recovery.

- J.

Those Autumn Leaves... in Ohio

The big ticket tourism for fall colors is always New England. But don't sell Ohio short. With the right mix of hardwoods, Ohio's autumn foliage rivals any place on the continent. Ohio is one of the rare places in the country that boasts a full experience for all four seasons. We have beautiful and mild Springs, warm and humid Summers, cool and picturesque Falls and cold and snowy Winters.

While we have four full seasons, the length of each varies greatly. These seasons can be both envigorating and frustrating, as sometimes the cold of winter can set in well before Thanksgiving and linger until Easter. There are years where Springtime mild temperatures are but a week or two before a hot summer starts. But we also can see cool summers and mild winters. Variety. we have it in abundance and it is that unpredictability that make the seasons in Ohio interesting.

2009 saw a mild summer with few 90-degree days. But September had some early chills and some early frosts and freezes followed by Indian Summer-like temperatures kicked the trees full color mode. The many creeks, streams, rivers and lakes offer beatiful morning vistas, as the previous day's heat lingers as the cool air settles down overnight. A morning stroll along the water's edge will offer a misty view as sun peeks over the horizon. Copley Township's Wolf Creek offers several views such as the one above-left (click to enlarge) over many a September morning.

At first Ohio's foliage slowly turns with a spot of yellow,
red or orange seeping into the greenery of the woods.
It's a subtle start, where one isn't sure if this will be all
we get or if the colors will be bold and vibrant. This
year the oranges peeked into Northeast Ohio
first (see left, click to enlarge).

The southern and eastern halves of Ohio have rolling landscapes, as the Appalachian foothills spill into the eastern edge of central and southern Ohio. As the leaves begin to move into various oranges and reds, the rolling hills give a spectacular view. Even along the water's edge of Springfield Lake in Summit County, the little Village of Lakemore (below, click to enlarge) looks as if it is from a Normal Rockwell inspired town nestled into New Hampshire.

Those many lakes and streams in Ohio also serve as a great source of reflection for the splendors of the autumn colors. Some of the trees that defoliate early in spring bare a sense of winter foreshadowing against the greens, yellows, oranges and reds that are deepening as fall unfolds (see right, click to enlarge). The State of Ohio Department of Natural Resources offers driving tour suggestions for the different regions of the state as well as "peak foliage" charts on their websites.

Almost without warning, suddenly the reds splash through the spectrum of colors of the trees. Sugar maples, oaks and cherry trees burst on the scene, supplemented by other bushes, like Burning Bushes (see right, click to enlarge), and vines, such as Virginia Creeper, that join in the hue. Rain can even lend a sheen to the leaf and bring out the deep array of colors. Trees that often are overlooked during spring and summer become celebrities, even a simple maple in the courtyard of a building (see left, click to enlarge).

As October continues along, the yellow, golds and oranges deepen. 2009 has seen a very deep and rich orange end of the color spectrum. From the same vantage point as the above misty morning on Wolf Creek, a striking difference in the color palate is seen just a few weeks later on a bright and sunny day (see right, click to enlarge). Many Ohio county government and tourist agencies tout autumn trips along many of the riverscapes in the state. Lake County's Soil and Conservation District teamed with the Visitor's Bureau to sponsor tours of the streams and watersheds, nurseries and wineries in the county.

There are numerous parks throughout the state where one can take in the natural beauty on short -- or long -- hikes through woods. The only National Park in the state is the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, but to the far southeast in the state the Wayne National Forest will match the fall colors of the Valley. There are 73 Ohio State Parks (available from the Ohio State Parks website), major metropark system for the big cities in the states and countless municipal and township parks scattered throughout the 88 counties. The vibrant yellows pushing through the late turning greens are seen above right in the Firestone Metropark of the Summit County Metroparks system.

And even in Ohio our evergreen trees get into the game and show off a splash of color. On display at a local nursery is a form of evergreen that too changes colors as fall gives way to winter (see right, click to enlarge). The rusty color starts at the tips and spreads back toward the center of the leaf, leaving a bright green inner tracing on the leave.

But the beauty of the season will soon pass into the cold winter. How long and how deep with the cold be? As always, it's hard to predict. Ohioans like four seasons, but we don't always like them lasting beyond their time and in general "mild" is a nice way to enjoy the winter and the summer months.

Spring and Fall do not always last as long as we want, but while it is here we try to enjoy it as best as we can. And when the colors of fall are as vibrant as they have been in 2009, it gives one solace to think that should your final resting place be in Ohio even the cemetery can have all the splendor of nature's fall foliage on display (see left, click to enlarge).

Since you went away the days grow long
And soon I'll hear old winter's song
But I miss you most of all my darling
When autumn leaves start to fall
- Johnny Mercer, "Autumn Leaves"

- J.

Battle on the Ohio-Erie Canal

While the Civil War was primarily waged in the South there were skirmishes in Ohio, most notably Morgan's Raids into southern Ohio where a marker stands near a conflagration. But on an early fall weekend along the Ohio and Erie Canal, a battle waged that looked and felt like a step back into the 1860s.

Zoar Village is a living history village overseen by the Ohio Historical Society. Nestled along the Ohio and Erie Canal in northern Tuscarawas County, Zoar was a communal village that existed between the early 1800s and the late 1890s [see previous entry]. When you couple a historic village, replete with Victorian age homes and buildings that have been restored, with a passion for re-enacting the Civil War, you get a weekend unlike any other.

The Battle on the Ohio-Erie Canal puts over 1,000 re-enactors for a weekend encampment in this historic place. Camps were pitched throughout the town and as you walk the streets you could get a sense of real history. This is what many places looked like during those war-torn years. Fittingly the units portraying the north were camped along the northern edges of the village and the rebels the southern and western parts. While walking along one set of tents, marveling at how authentic the scene looked against a home built in the mid 1800s, you still can chuckle seeing a 2008 Mustang parked in the driveway.

What sets this re-enactment apart from many others is the air of authenticity of the village. It feels like this is the way things should look. Even a baby being pulled along in Victorian-age baby carriage did not seem to strike me as unusual. Although later walking through House #1 in the Village and the display in one room of Victorian baby gear (a kind of 1860s Babies R Us display) made me think of checking close to see if one of the carriages was missing.

Walking among the Sutlers (for non-Civil War folks, these are the merchants that trailed armies, selling them the wares they did not get from the Army), the sounds of a fife and drum unit demonstrating their military purpose could be heard wafting among the smells of kettle corn and other modern concessions. Certainly an unusual juxtaposition of vintage and contemporary! The care and detail the living historians take to present both military and civilian life in the Civil War is inspiring. These musicians range in age from elderly to juvenile and are as serious about their reproduction period pieces as any musician is about their modern instrument.

The earthen dam constructed by the Army Corps of Engineers to protect the village from flooding provided terrific theater seating for both demonstrations of artillery and cavalry fighting and the actual battle itself. A demonstration by the Battery A, 1st Ohio Statehouse was a special treat, as the highly polished bronze cannon is one of those on display of the ground of the Ohio Statehouse [see previous entry]. On Saturday night of the event weekend a dusk fire-off was held that provided the equivalent of a fireworks show for spectators. From a distance of about 30 miles I could hear the cannonade in my Stark County home!

It is a rare treat to watch a cavalry demonstration, as re-enacting is expensive enough to do as an infantry unit but a unit with horses brings a new level of cost and care [see previous entry]. The 6th Ohio Cavalry portrays both Yankee and Rebel units and demonstrated several cavalry tactics and manuevers, which was no small feat on the slope of a hill and a small plateau rife with gopher holes.

It is amazing to see how well trained the horses are and can only imagine and the sheer number of these animals used during the actual war. The unit spokesperson who led the public through the demonstration while on his own horse equated the use of the animal to how we treat our cars today. Cavalry horses were worked hard and not necessarily treated any better than the old beat up Chevy in the driveway. It was also neat to see just how much fun the re-enactors had in engaging each other in this demonstration.

The terrain offered a great, albeit condensed, view of how many of the battles during the Civil War played out. A Union skirmish line took on advancing Confederates, who wove through a field of goldenrod to reach the battlefield. The open fields offered a great vantage point to see the tactics of the time. Cannon exploded from the hilly and wooded slopes surrounding the field, adding an air of authenticity from a visual, acoustic and aromatic standpoint.

It is a combination that needs to be experienced: the authentic village hosting authentic living historians. Although it occurs bi-annually, it is well worth a day, if not two, to wander the village, order some bread from the still operating bakery, spend a night in a historic bed and breakfast and absorb all that was during a time very long ago when advancing armies engaged each other not far from a crossroads in America.

- J.

Between a Rock and a Hard Place on the Chagrin River

In 1885, Chagrin Falls blacksmith and artist Henry Church carved an image into massive sandstone rock that sat along the Chagrin River. Feeling the need to artistically represent the hardships that Native Americans had -- and were -- enduring at the time, his sculpture featured a snake encircling a woman. Titled "The rape of the Indians by White man," Church's work soon became known as Squaw Rock (GPS coordinates, map).

Nearly 125 years later the name, and the sculpture, remain. Now a part of the Cleveland Metroparks (the "Emerald Necklace" of parks that encircle the city), Squaw Rock is a part of a short, but tricky, path that skirts the Chagrin River as part of the South Chagrin branch of the Metropark. Nestled in a valley between the cities of Solon, Bentleyville and Chagrin, the South Chagrin Reservation is a popular park that features paved walking trails, bridle paths, hiking trails, an arboretum and plenty of open places for recreation.

The sixth-tenths of a mile loop is not aerobically challenging, but the path along the river is narrow, sloping and unpaved. It is not handicapped accessible, but there are plans to make it so (it is hard to imagine how this will be accomplished). Many like to bring their dogs and/or wade in the shallow Chagrin River, which can be tricky with the shale and sandstone rocks that when wet or mossy can be treacherous footing. What often looks like a good foothold can often be a teetering rock. Despite the mild risk to your health, the location is relaxing. It is hard to fathom that, paradoxically, less than a quarter of a mile in either direction are roads of bustling suburban traffic.

The upper path winds through hemlocks, pine, maples and oaks. The climate of the shaded woods offers an array of wild flowers, ferns and fungus. There are several vantage points along small bridges to view down into the valley. These bridges ford the ditches that nature has developed to drain storm water into the river. At one location you can read signage about the story of the rock with a glimpse over the ridge to the rock below.

Like many other places in Ohio, the geology of the area features jutting limestone and sandstone that time and weather have artistically worn into an array of shapes. Descending the river basin along the carved steps is not difficult in typical weather, but should be undertaken with caution in rain or ice. The paths, however, can lead to a trip or twist of the foot if you are not watching.

Before ascending back to the parking area there is a horseshoe falls area. Dropping perhaps 20 feet or so over a series of jagged shale, the falls cascade more than plunge. It is a popular place for hikers to wade and even attempt a swim. The river is rarely more than half a foot deep in most places, but at the base of the falls there are depths of 3 to 4 feet. A few brave souls sometimes jump from one section of the falls into the river, inadvisable as it would apparently seem.

Squaw Rock itself has survived the elements remarkably well despite being a sandstone facing. While the images today are hard to decipher in photographs, and only a little easier in person, a photo postcard in 1912 reveals the beauty of the work in its relative youth. As the postcard's title shows, even a scant 30 years past its incarnation the site was referred to as Squaw Rock.

But the rock is not without controversy. While part of the region's geographic vernacular for generations, a Cleveland Plain Dealer story in July of 2008 pointed to the reshaping of the American landscape by diminishing the use of Indian pejoratives. Over the last decade over 150 "squaw" names have been dropped in favor of terms less culturally offensive. The use of the word squaw has a demeaning, if not vulgar, history. But there are no plans to change the name of the rock.

That leaves Squaw Rock both figuratively and literally between a rock and hard place. In three separate centuries local inhabitants have used the same moniker for the landmark, firmly entrenching the name in local history. Yet the wider history of the nation, and desires to right the wrongs of cultural insensitivities beckons. The delicate sandstone sculpture has withstood the elements of wind, rain and river, but will it withstand history?

- J.

Das ist gut, ja?

The history of Ohio includes the accomplishments of scores of diverse individuals from all about the world. Germans were early immigrants to the country and likewise in the state of Ohio. In the early to mid 1800s, German settlements popped up in Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati, where opportunities for business along an emerging canal system were ripe. Today a walk through German Village (wiki, map), just south of Downtown Columbus, is a walk through the history of the German-American experience in Ohio and America (see right, click to enlarge).

The ups and downs of America -- and Ohio -- are reflected in the 233 acres that have seen development, decline, decay, destruction and rebirth. German settlers built a little community here through the dawn of the 20th Century, but the natural movement of young adults away from home, the backlash of a nation involved in two wars with Germany, prohibition (beer!) and the Great Depression took its toll on the area.

But in the 1960s the die was cast to begin a movement and organization that would become one of the most distinguished examples of neighborhood revitalization in the country. The German Village Society was formed and wove through the intricacies of city government to begin the preservation and revitalization of the settlement. Today over 1600 buildings have been renewed and the society boasts over 1000 preservationists.

German Village is best visited on foot. The streets, in typical European fashion, are tight (see left, click to enlarge) and sometimes jog inexplicably at angle. Plus a walking tour is the only way to truly linger in front of homes and gardens without irritating drivers behind you. The homes today vary from the historic to the historic looking, with an odd out-of-style home here or there that was existed before the preservation efforts began. The society's requirement is that the facade of the house look historic, while the interior can be modified as the owner desires.

The only neighborhood to be placed on the National Register of Historic Places, it is a testament to the will power of volunteerism. German Village was revitalized without state or federal financial assistance. It is coveted real estate, with the median house price estimated at nearly $400,000. The typical German Village home is a two or three bedroom house that sits close to the road, emulating the close-knit feel of villages in Germany.

Examples of the types of homes in German Village vary from modified warehouses, small homes that were creatively adjoined to create a larger and historic homes preserved. But you will be hard-pressed to see similar homes in the village. Drive around the outerbelt that loops Columbus and you can see the same home style, with the boom of growth in the 1990s, replicated throughout your trek, but in German Village each street offers a unique vista.

One of the more interesting homes is a pair of adjoining homes built by a pair of German brothers who were feuding at the time. Determined that each side of the house would not look like the other brother's, two very distinctive style sit awkwardly from the curb (see left, click to enlarge). But not long after completion, the two brothers enlisted in the cause and mustered out with an Ohio regiment to fight in the Civil War.

The neighborhood's investment in itself is evident from the voluntary efforts to maintain the gardens and throughways. During a guided tour, one of the key members of the governing board of the village shared that the City of Columbus once could not afford to maintain the brick-paved roads and sought to asphalt over a street. The entire village turned out to repair the brickwork themselves, from the noticeably aged to the very young. A little media coverage of the repair work guilted city council into funds for upkeep. In 2007 they were named a Preserve America Community by the Presidential Preserve America cooperative.

It is hard to wander through the parks in the village without seeing volunteers hard at work in the gardens. The centerpiece park of the village is Schiller Park (see left, click to enlarge), which was briefly re-named Washington Park as part of the anti-German sentiment during World War I. A vast open space for dogs to romp, residents to exercise, and for Shakespeare to come alive. The amphitheater plays the Bard each summer weekend at no cost to the public.

A sculpture titled the Umbrella Girl (see right, click to enlarge) has been attracting visitors to one of the corners of Schiller Park since the 1870s, but its current visage is the second generation of the sculpture. In the 1950s the original sculpture disappeared without a trace and still today the situation remains a mystery. The second sculpture was dedicated in the 1960s.

There are other greenspaces and gathering places within the district. A small two-tenth of an acre vacant lot, which was sarcastically referred to as "dog****" park, (see left, click to enlarge) was revitalized into a showcase garden known as Frank Fetch Park in honor of the man who initiated the German Village movement. Shopping, dining and overnight accommodations are abundant and equally unique. Among the popular dining stops are the original Max and Erma's restaurant and Schmidt's Sausage Haus (see right, click to enlarge). Juergens Bakery offers delectable goodies and at least 10 years ago accepted payment in Deutsche Mark! The Book Loft offers 32 rooms of shelves for browsing and there is no shortage of quaint Bed and Breakfast homes.

The best starting point for a tour of German Village is the Meeting Haus on South Third Street. An outstanding 10 minute video (also available over the web) provides the historical backdrop of German Village. Food and fun are found in one neighborhood that hides just south of Columbus, beckoning one and all to drink, dine and dawdle in a culture that is intertwined into the fabric of Ohio.

-J.

A Hill of a Place to Hide

The geography of Ohio offers plenty of variety to those seeking a walk in the park of a hike in the hills. From plains to river valleys or canal towpaths to rolling hills, Ohio has a little bit of it all. One of the more unique and well-visited parks is in the Hocking Hills in southeastern Ohio. Old Man's Cave (see right, click to enlarge) is a popular destination located about an hour southeast of Columbus and not far from Athens, Ohio.

Named after an old hermit Richard Rowe who lived here (see left, click to enlarge), the massive outcropping of Old Man's Cave is staggering in its size. Less a typical cave, the outcropping is easily a hundred feet high and nearly has deep. The history of the cave is that Rowe's family moved to the Ohio River to set up a trading post and Richard wandered northward on hunting trips to the gorge of the outcropping named for him. Legend says he is buried under the ledge but its exact location neither recorded nor marked.

Hiking the trails around the cave can be a family affair but not for the less able. There are narrow trails and low head-room tunnels, slippery moss-covered and wet rocks and inclines of various angles. (see left, click to enlarge)


Several bridges span the creek along the basin of the hills (see right, click either to enlarge). A moss ensconced stone bridge crosses at the base of Old Man's Cave and offers great vantage points of this part of the park. Farther up the creek the trail winds to an artistic concrete, pedestal style bridge that seems to channel Franklin Lloyd Wright in its design. Gaps between blocks and no true rails upon which to hold while crossing make this a rather interesting span.


It is hard to put into perspective the sheer magnitude of Old Man's Cave. It would be easy to lose perspective in landscape photographs. Seeing the size of people in the distance walking along the ridge of the cave begins to give a sense of scope (see left, click to enlarge). Walking another ridge which seems to be the floor of the valley leads to steps upward with contradictory signs noting "to lower falls." Sometimes you have to go up to go down, as peering out over the rock ledge you indeed see that what was thought to be the valley floor only descends a hundred feet or more to what may -- or may not be -- the floor of the valley.

A day, or two, can be spent wandering the hills. The suburban middle-class weekend escape movement in the 1990s spawned many chalet, cabins and other getaway retreats that dot the land around the park. Even the Ohio state parks system offer cabins in the region for overnight stays. A Google search will yield countless results for weekend cabin deals.

Beyond the cave, there are a series of other geographic and geologic sites to see. Cedar Falls (see left, click to enlarge) is another popular stop that can be accessed either by a long hike from the cave or a short drive and descent back to the basin floor. Misidentified Hemlock trees became the moniker for the falls, as early inhabits thought the trees to be Cedar. There are no Cedar trees in the area.

A grist mill once sat atop the bluff as the creek rambles over the rocks and drops some hundred feet below. A neat architecturally attractive bridge crosses the creek near the mill. The falls are a popular site for photography buffs, the entire park draws amateur and professional photographers alike. There is an annual contest with many different categories that offer some incredible results. There are literally hundreds of thousands of images that turn up on a Google Image search of "old mans cave"!

It's hard to fathom the power of nature, but Old Man's Cave shows both the natural and man-made interaction between weather and geography. Several markers explain the geologic action between earth, rock, water and wind but the most unique interaction is man made. In 1998 a massive storm system produced 100-year flood waters that bulldozed water and debris through the basin floor. Every man-made bridge that crossed the creek along the basin was destroyed. It took closed much of the park for several years while the area was cleared and rebuilt.

Symbolic to the destruction that nature causes, one of the steel-span foot bridges was salvaged to be used again. The force of the water and debris and bent both girders and hey have been re-used in sort of tribute to nature. What seems like a nice, new curved foot bridge across the creek is in actuality the bent girders from the storm that demolished the bridge (see left, click to enlarge). The signage that explains all of this playfully reminds the reader that nature will again someday wreak havoc through the valley.

Playing to the popularity of the park, a nice sized visitor's center (see right, click to enlarge) with ample parking and modern amenities precedes the descent into the cave. Serving as a nature center and museum, the center has explanations of the geography and the wildlife you are about to meet. There is also a gift shop and snack stand.

It may not be the only time you find yourself between a rock and hard place, but you'd be tough to find a more picturesque one.

- J.

Lebanon's Golden Lamb... update

Ohio's oldest operating Inn and Restaurant is the Golden Lamb in Lebanon (Warren County), Ohio. An opportunity to dine at the Inn leads to an update on a previous blog entry.

Dining on a Friday evening at the Golden Lamb saw a roving historian visiting tables and talking about the Inn's famous overnighters and the history of the region. While the list of presidents displayed at the entry implies that each stayed overnight, truthfully the more recent presidents have only visited and not camped out.

President Reagan's visit was well prior to his time in the Oval Office, coming in the late 1960's as a political favor while serving as Governor of California. He was enroute to the Republican National Convention making speeches and stump stops along the way. He did not spend the night.

President George W. Bush also did not stay the night, but rather stopped as a campaign appearance during his re-election run in 2004. He did take the time to tour the room where his mother, and former First Lady, Barbara Bush had spent the night during the presidential tenure of her husband (and George's father) George H.W. Bush. Perhaps the Golden Lamb should update their list with famous First Ladies!

Having stopped previously as part of a group tour, I had no real choice on dining options for our meal and ate in a separate banquet room. On this occasion, a family meal, we ate in the main dining room with access to the regular menu. Buyer beware, this may be casual dining but not at casual dining prices! Entrees for dinner begin around $13 and escalate upwards of $25. There is a neat option to combine fares in a Family Dinner with an all-you-can-eat entree with the same sides served to all.

While the food was very good, it does not align with the prices charged. But consider your time at the Golden Lamb not to be dining along, but the cost of dinner is like paying for a meal and a separate admission to a museum.

Even on a Friday night we were able to wander the floors above and peek at the various rooms named after the famous visitors and marvel at the stylings of each room from eras long past. History lives on at the Golden Lamb.

- J.